Ernest Hemingway began a story set in Madrid with a joke about the popular name Paco:
‘A father…inserted an advertisement in the personal columns of El Liberal which said: PACO MEET ME AT HOTEL MONTANA NOON TUESDAY ALL IS FORGIVEN PAPA … a squadron of Guardia Civil had to be called out to disperse the 800 young men who answered the ad.’
Have you ever sought forgiveness?
Why do you think the message ‘all is forgiven’ has such broad appeal?
As we’ve seen, Jesus consistently attracted those considered to be unrespectable and irreligious – the outcasts and ‘sinners’. His popularity with such people added to the religious establishment’s growing dislike of Jesus and concern about his teaching.
It is this resentment that serves the context for three of Jesus’ most famous stories. The common theme of each parable is God’s desire to find those who are lost from him. Jesus likens God to an impoverished woman who has lost a coin, a shepherd who has lost a sheep and finally a father who has lost his son. This last parable offers the most pointed criticism of the religious leadership. It is a story not just about a lost son but about the lost son’s respectable older brother.
From what you’ve seen of Jesus so far, why do you think outcasts and ‘sinners’ are so attracted to him?
The younger son makes a shocking request of his father. What does this imply about how the son views his father?
Respect for elders is part of the fabric of traditional Middle Eastern society. How do you think a father would have been expected to respond to such a request in this context?
How does the father respond? What will this have cost the father?
Eventually the son decides to return home.
What leads the son to make this decision?
How does the son plan to rebuild his burnt bridges and make amends with his father?
The father doesn’t respond according to the son’s plan. What are the differences in the way the father and the son approach acceptance?
Distinguished Middle Eastern patriarchs didn’t run. Slaves and children ran, but not old men. Yet Jesus tells us that while the son was ‘still a long way off’ the father ran to meet him, and embraced and kissed him.
Jesus makes it clear that the father in the story represents God. What is Jesus teaching about God’s perspective on those who are lost from him?
All of the father’s actions testify to complete forgiveness and restoration of the son. The cloak covers over the shame of the son’s rags. The ring shows he is part of the family again. The shoes, likewise, show him to be a son not a servant. The lavish feast displays to the whole community that the son’s return is to be marked by joy and celebration not, as would be expected, by shame and retribution.
The older son is furious about his father’s acceptance of his younger brother. How do his words and actions display his anger towards his father?
Why do you think he is so angry? To what extent can you sympathise with him?
We now come to the punchline of the story. By refusing to go in to the party, the older son forces his father to leave the feast he is hosting and plead with him to come in. First the rebellious son disgraces his father, and now the respectable and dutiful older son does the same.
What does verse 29 reveal about other ways in which the older son is like his younger brother? What does the older son want from his father? What is the basis on which he seeks to relate to him?
The older son’s angry words reveal how, like the younger brother, he is more interested in the father’s possessions than in the father himself. Like the younger son, he also has a deep sense of entitlement to those possessions. The older son’s slavish obedience to the father is simply an alternative way of getting hold of his share.
Why do you think the parable ends without revealing how the older son will respond to the father’s appeals? What point is Jesus making to his religious critics?
The author Tim Keller reflects that Jesus’ parable shows both sons to be lost:
The hearts of the two brothers were the same… Neither son loved the father for himself. They both were using the father for their own self-centered ends rather than loving, enjoying and serving him for his own sake. This means you can rebel against God and be alienated from him either by breaking his rules or by keeping all of them diligently.
Jesus does not divide the world into good people and bad people. Each one of us resists God and seeks our own ends and, equally, each one of us is loved by God and invited back into an intimate, joyful, satisfying relationship with him, likened to the great feast in the parable.
What were the barriers to each son coming home to the feast? Do any of these barriers resonate with you?
The gospels are full of people telling their stories - people asking questions, seeking relationships, searching for something more.
A central character, woven throughout each story, is Jesus, a historical figure surrounded by mystery. Join us as we explore these stories, and build up a picture of Jesus through the people he meets and the accounts that are written about him.